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Year 7–8 · Year 7–8 Maths

Year 7–8 Maths — Statistics and Probability

Statistics and probability in Years 7–8 covers how to collect, display and summarise data, and how to calculate the likelihood of events. These concepts underpin the more advanced statistics in Year 10 and VCE Methods.

Key Concepts & Formulas

  • Mean: add all values and divide by the number of values; affected by outliers

  • Median: middle value when data is ordered; for an even number of values, average the two middle values

  • Mode: most frequently occurring value; there can be more than one mode

  • Range: maximum value minus minimum value

  • Frequency table: organises data into categories with a count (frequency) for each

  • Probability of an event: P(event) = number of favourable outcomes / total number of equally likely outcomes

  • P(event) is always between 0 and 1 inclusive; P(certain event) = 1; P(impossible event) = 0

  • Complementary events: P(A) + P(not A) = 1

  • Displaying data: column/bar graph for categorical data; histogram for continuous data; stem-and-leaf plot for small datasets

Practice Questions

3 questions

Attempt each question before reading the hint. These are styled to match school assessment format.

Q1.Find the mean, median, mode and range of: 4, 7, 3, 7, 9, 2, 7.

4 marks

Q2.A bag contains 4 red, 3 blue and 5 green marbles. A marble is drawn at random. Find P(blue) and P(not green).

3 marks

Q3.A student records their test scores: 72, 65, 80, 91, 65, 88. A new score of 20 is added. Explain what happens to the mean and the median.

3 marks

Common Mistakes to Avoid

These are the errors that students most frequently make in Statistics and Probability — and that examiners are specifically watching for.

  • Forgetting to order the data before finding the median

  • Calculating probability greater than 1 — always check: number of favourable outcomes must be ≤ total outcomes

  • Confusing mean and median — they are not always the same, especially when there are outliers

  • Confusing frequency (count) with relative frequency (proportion)

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